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The deformability is essential for passage of human erythrocytes through microvascular network in the physiological microcirculation. However, the concept of erythrocyte deformability has no strict de...finition as a physical quantity. Therefore, evaluation of erythrocyte deformability depends on the modality of the measurement techniques. Deformability has been quantified as filterability in the erythrocyte filtration experiments, where erythrocyte deformation shows bending configuration. Although filtration technique evaluates physiological in vivo deformation of intact erythrocytes, conventional filtration experiment was not quantitative and reproducible due to filter membrane properties. Contrary, newly developed nickel mesh filtration technique is highly sensitive and quantitative. This technique has been applied to clinical science such as hematological diseases but not to life science in our laboratory. Therefore, we investigated the erythrocyte filterability in 47 Japanese women with cold intolerance (so-called ‘Hie-Sho’). Filterability was found to be impaired significantly (p < 0.001) in these subjects (84 to 85%) relative to the controls (88%). This finding was not influenced by menopause and administration of flavanol which is believed to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet actions. These observations are supportive to our hypothesis that women with cold intolerance show small vessel constriction to respond cold stimuli and to prevent heat loss in periphery, which causes mechanical stress on intact erythrocytes and impairs erythrocyte filterability, leading to further disturbance in microcirculation and heat transfer. Considering the negative effects of flavanol, mechanical but not oxidant stress is involved in the impaired filterability and skin capillary constriction is a compensatory mechanism of thermoregulation in cold intolerance.show more
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