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Direct-methane solid oxide fuel cells (CH_4-SOFCs) have gained significant attention as methane, the primary component of natural gas (NG), is cheap and widely available and the natural gas infrastruc...tures are relatively mature. However, at intermediate temperatures (e.g., 600–650 °C), current CH_4-SOFCs suffer from low performance and poor durability under a low steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C ratio), which is ascribed to the Ni-based anode that is of low catalytic activity and prone to coking. Herein, with the guidance of density functional theory (DFT) studies, a highly active and coking tolerant steam methane reforming (SMR) catalyst, Sm-doped CeO_2-supported Ni–Ru (SCNR), was developed. The synergy between Ni and Ru lowers the activation energy of the first C–H bond activation and promotes CH_x decomposition. Additionally, Sm doping increases the oxygen vacancy concentration in CeO_2, facilitating H_2O adsorption and dissociation. The SCNR can therefore simultaneously activate both CH_4 and H_2O molecules while oxidizing the CH* and improving coking tolerance. We then applied SCNR as the CH_4-SOFC anode catalytic reforming layer. A peak power density of 733 mW cm^<–2> was achieved at 650 °C, representing a 55% improvement compared to that of pristine CH_4-SOFCs (473 mW cm^<–2>). Moreover, long-term durability testing, with >2000 h continuous operation, was performed under almost dry methane (5% H_2O). These results highlight that CH_4-SOFCs with a SCNR catalytic layer can convert NG to electricity with high efficiency and resilience.続きを見る
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