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This study extends the theoretical framework of diffuseness estimation to practical microphone arrays with different spatial configurations. Building upon the covariance-based model, we formulate a ve...locity-only covariance framework that enables consistent diffuseness evaluation across heterogeneous array geometries without requiring mode whitening or spherical-harmonic decomposition. Three types of arrays—the A-format, rigid-sphere, and a newly proposed tight-frame array—are modeled and compared through both simulation and measurement experiments. The results demonstrate that the proposed tight-frame configuration achieves isotropic sampling and reproduces diffuse- ness characteristics equivalent to those of higher-order spherical arrays, while maintaining a compact physical structure. We also examine the accuracy of acoustic-intensity detection within the same framework. The findings bridge theoretical diffuseness analysis and practical implementations, contributing to the design of robust sound-field measurement systems.続きを見る
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