This study investigated the relationship between time perspective, attitudes toward death, and self-injurious behavior among college students in three groups: inexperienced, experienced, and continuing. Analysis of variance revealed that the inexperienced group had a more positive time perspective compared to the self-injured group. In addition, the inexperienced group exhibited greater hope, a subscale of time perspective, than the self-injured group, and demonstrated a higher acceptance of the past compared to the self-injured and continuing self-injury groups. Regarding attitudes toward death, the inexperienced and self-injury groups exhibited a stronger fear of death compared to the self-injury group. Additionally, the inexperienced, self-injury, and continuing self-injury groups, in that order, expressed a progressively stronger intention to live life to its fullest. Regarding belief in the existence of life after death, the inexperienced group showed a stronger belief in life after death compared to the other two groups. These findings indicate that temporal perspectives and attitudes toward death vary depending on an individual’s self-injurious behavior.