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Jōyō Kanji Hyō［The Table of Chinese Characters in Common Use］”(2010) consists of 2136 Chinese characters. Nearly 20% of those Chinese characters are so-called Nisshō-Kanji, whose final consonant was t.../p/k" in Middle Chinese. In modern Japanese, the final consonant "t/p/k" of Nisshō-Kanji is preserved by adding a vowel (i/u) ; for example "慄", a Nisshō-Kanji with a "t"-ending is pronounced as /rit-u/ while "歴", a Nisshō-Kanji with "k"-ending is pronounced as /rek-i/. However, in modern Chinese (Mandarin), the ending part "t/p/k" of Nisshō-Kanji has totally disappeared; for example, the pronunciation of Nisshō-Kanji "慄, 歴" is the same as that of non-Nisshō-Kanji such as "利", since all of them are pronounced as /lì/. Therefore, most Chinese learners of Japanese cannot tell Nisshō-Kanji from non-Nisshō-Kanji. So when they are learning the pronunciations of those Nisshō-Kanji in Japanese (Nisshō-Kanji On), they have to remember them one by one. Moreover, they are also confused with Nisshō-Kanji and non-Nisshō-Kanji. It can be said that learning Nisshō-Kanji pronunciations is quite a large obstacle for Chinese learners of Japanese. In order to help such Chinese learners with learning such pronunciation, the author first analyzed the Japanese kana readings of Nisshō-Kanji and the distribution Nisshō-Kanji in modern Chinese, and then tried to find ways of identifying Nisshō-Kanji using Chinese pronunciation. As a result, some direct methods and some indirect methods were discovered. Direct methods include those based on initials, "initials ＋ finals" and "initials ＋ tone", indirect methods including using the phonetic symbol of semasio-phonetic characters and the rhyming rule of Chinese poetry to identify Nisshō-Kanji. The conclusion of this article is that it is impossible to identify all the Nisshō-Kanji using only one method, but it is possible to identify most of them by combining the methods discussed here. As most of the Chinese learners of Japanese have learned some Nisshō-Kanji pronunciation, it will be more efficacious to use all the methods based on what has been learned.続きを見る
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