Korean economy has been rapidly developing since 1960s. Per capita income has increased, and industrialization and urbanization have been progressed. As a result, demand for livestock products has been increasing. As the pattern of consumption and supply has changed, the livestock markets should be changed. The objective of this study is to find out problems and to make recommendations for improvement of livestock markets in Korea. In this study, special attention has been focused on changes of circumstances surrounding livestock markets, problems of livestock markets and improvement of livestock markets in Korea. The method adopted for this stucy was a comparative analysis between Korea and Japan. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The circumstances surrounding livestock markets have remarkably changed. The number of farmers raising 10 Korean native cattles or over increased from 257 in 1968 to 5,413 in 1983, or by 21 times. The proportion of farm population to total population decreased from 56.3% in 1961 to 25.8% in 1981. And the transportation system in Korea was conspicuously developed in the past two decades (1961-1981). The annual loadage of railway and the number of trucks increased by 17 and 21 times respectively. 2. In Korea there were 667 livestock markets in 1964, and declined to 444 in 1981. But most of them are still too small in size to be worked efficiently. Namely the number of markets, where less than 1,000 cattles are dealt with annually, is 114. So furthermore consolidation of livestock markets should be performed considering regional or local conditions for each market. 3. At most of livestock markets, buyers and sellers make negotiation through middlemen. But as the fact, various dishonest operations of middlemen are tacitly permitted there. So negotiation should be abolished and auction should be introduced. 4. Of 444 livestock markets in Korea, 436 are held every fifth day, and the rest are held every day. As 5 day's interval is now regarded too short, the interval of each market day should be readjusted to its regional or local conditions. And now all kinds of livestock are dealt with on the same day, so a market day should be prepared for each kind of livestocks. 5. In general, facilities in livestock markets are small and poor. Agerage figures per market are: 2,910.6 m^2 of office space, 0.99 weight measures for livestocks. Commissions should be raised to build a fund for gradingup or renewal of facilities in small markets. 6. Now in Korea, livestock markets are established by regional governments and managed by livestock cooperatives. But livestock cooperatives should establish and manage all the livestock markets to reflect their will.