| 概要 |
山村社会は急速に高齢化が進行している.山村問題研究において,高齢化は様々な問題発生の原因として捉えられ,高齢化率の高さは地域活力の低下指標として用いられている.しかし,一方で高齢者は農林業生産の実質的な担い手である.また,農産加工や伝統文化などの地域資源を活かした山村振興において重要な役割を果たしており,高齢者に視点を据えた実態把握が課題となっている.本稿では,高齢化率が35%となっている大分県上...津江村を事例にして,山村地域における高齢者の存在形態を類型的に分析した.統計的には65歳以上を高齢者として一元的に捉えているが,前期高齢者(65～74歳)と後期高齢者(75歳以上)で就業形態が違い,世帯構造によって副業への取組方や収入の位置づけも異なっていた.年金以外の収入源としては,男性は林業賃労働,女性は農産物の産直販売が重要である.しかし,高齢者のみでは農林地の資源管理は困難となっており,その受け皿作りが早急に求められている.
The ageing of mountain villages' population has made rapid progress, and has been considered as a cause of the incidence of troubles. Consequently, high ratio of the aged to total population is widely used as an indication of the lowing of rural activity. But actually the aged are substantial persons in charge of agriculture and forestry, and they perform various important parts in rural development made efficient use of regional resources, such as proceeding agricultural goods and traditional events. Now it is needed to investigate the actual conditions of the aged in mountain villages. In this paper, using two case studies on Kamitsue village in Oita, where the ratio of the aged reached 35% in 2000, we typified the aged actual conditions. In Japan, "the aged" signifies person of 65 years old and over on census. But between the lower aged (65-74) and the later aged (75-), there were different structures on jobs, income resource, life style and so on. And their attitudes towards avocations and their importance were distinguished by their household form. The big avocations as income resource without national pension were forestry works for male, and direct transactions of agriculture products for female. But it has been got into difficulty for the only aged to preserve cultivated land and forest suitably. Therefore new alternative land care system is needed in mountain villages.続きを見る
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