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This study looks into problems in advanced learners' understanding of Japanese conversation observed through their interpretations of utterances in Manga. The collected data show that advanced learner...s who have stayed in Japan for three to four years often fail to recognize the effects of utterances in the actual discourse and misunderstand the true intention or attitude of the speaker. The data suggest that the observed failures come from the learner's inadequate understanding of the followings: 1) the effects of the plain and polite forms of the predicate, which sometimes alternate in the utterances by the same speaker to the same hearer; 2) the effects of gender-specific expressions strategically used by the opposite gender; 3) the cultural value behind making an apparently aggressive utterance out of kind intentions; 4) the cultural value behind acting out a weak on un-patronizing character in spite of a higher social position. Training for more advanced learners tends to focus on the skills of expressing the appropriate amount and quality of politeness. However, in order to acquire sophisticated production skills, learners should be given a chance to observe and analyse utterances to enhance their understanding of the functions of stylistic features and cultural values, because organised knowledge of them is the key to a better speaking proficiency. The works of Manga which realistically reflect various aspects of the Japanese society and include various verbal behaviours can serve as excellent training materials for advanced learners.show more
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