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In this review, we firstly focused on the regulation of high-density lipoprotein(HDL) metabolism in men by sex steroid hormones, especially androgen, and key enzymes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolis...m, such as cholesterol ester transfer protein(CETP), lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT), lipoprotein lipase(LPL), and hepatic triglyceride lipase(HTGL) activity. In some epidemiological studies, significant positive correlation was observed between plasma testosterone and serum HDL cholesterol(HDL-c) levels. However, cause and effect on this relationship are still remains unknown. Recently, it was proposed the passibility that insulin resistance and/or hyperinsulinemia are more impotant regulator (predictor) of HDL-level rather than sex hormones. We discussed the mechanism by which insulin resitance was associated with lower level of HDL-c. Seconderly, we summarized the effects of exercise and endurance training on lipids, lipoproteins, key enzymes in lipid metabolism and androgen. It was partly demonstrated that increases in the insulin sensitinity, and LCAT and LPL activity, and decreases in CETP, HTGL activity and androgen levels were found following endurance training. However, there are some controversial eviedences for role of sex hormones and key enzymes on the regulation of HDL-c after endurance training. Further basic and applied researches are needed for understanding about HDL metabolism in men.show more
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