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Engelbert Kaempfer's Strange "Moxa Mirror" This study focusses on the contents and background of Engelbert Kaempfer's "Moxa Mirror" (Urendum locorum Speculum), first published in the famous "Amoenitat...es Exoticae" (Lemgo, 1712) shortly before his death. G. Scheuchzer added an English version to his edition of Kaempfer's "History of Japan" (London, 1727), and as this opus magnum was translated into French and Dutch and finally reedited in German by Chr. W. Dohm, the "Moxa Mirror" became one of the most influential descriptions of Japanese moxibustion in the age of enlightment. During his stay at the Dutch trading post in Nagasaki (1690-92) the German scholar and physician Kaempfer had managed to acquire an illustrated leaflet on moxibustion and received elaborate explanations about its contents. Kaempfer's predecessors in Japan,W. ten Rhijne and A. Cleyer, had published some observations on the nature and usage of moxa (jpn. mogusa), but this was the first authentic Eastern source material on these matters reaching Europe. As the illustration in the "Amoenitates Exoticae" shows, Kaempfer must have brought back this leaflet to his native town Lemgo, but its later fate is unknown. This study discusses the nature of Kaempfer's Japanese source material as well as his interpretation of basic notions of Sino-Japanese medicine like the system of "tracts and channels" (chin. jingluo, jpn. keiraku), "moxa points" (chin. xue, jpn. ketsu, tsubo), Qi (jpn. ki) etc.) in classic graeco-latin medical terms. Furthermore, after an identification of the Chinese characters in Kaempfer's table (Kyusho kagami, moxa mirror), it became clear, that this table does not show any of the moxa-points described in Kaempfer's translation of the corresponding text. Based on classic Japanese and Chinese books it is shown that the therapy points of the illustration were used only in acupuncture, beeing forbidden in moxa therapy. Obviously Kaempfer had mixed up different parts of his Japanese source, but this did not distract much from the reputation of his influential paper.
１７世紀の旅行家ケンペルは日本で入手した「灸所鑑」を出島通詞により説明してもらい、帰国後「廻国奇観」で紹介した。本論においては、西洋の病理学しか知らなかった医師ケンペルが東洋医学の概念をどういうふうに理解し、ヨーロッパの読者に紹介したかを追いながら異文化間交流における「概念」の伝達の問題を論じている。筆者はこれまでJ.ニードハムと魯桂珍が解読できなかった銅版画（図法師）に見られる灸点の名前を解明し、「灸所鑑」のテキストとこの版画の名前は一致していないことを明らかにした。中国、日本の古典で調べたところ、版画は禁灸点の図に基づいている可能性が極めて高いことが判明した。 * ケンペルの旅行と「灸所鑑」関係で重要と思われる出来事の概略、* 「灸所鑑」のテキストの概略、* 「東洋における西洋、西洋における東洋、異文化間の解釈」、* 「灸所鑑」のテキスト「灸所鑑」注釈付き、* １７１２年の初版、１７７７年のドイツ語版に見られる銅版画の変化、名前の解明と分析。show more
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