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To date, metabolic syndrome is prevailing in Japan. This syndrome is based on insulin resistance and characterized by the combination of hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, all of ...which stem from excess of visceral fat that secrets various kinds of adipocytokines. Metabolic syndrome is currently recognized to underlie lethal cardiac complications such as myocardial infarction leading to severe impairment of cardiac function and quality of life. On the other hand, little is known about the association of metabolic syndrome and cardiac arrhythmia. Atrial fibrillation (AF), one of the most common arrhythmias in general practice, tends to progress from paroxysmal to persistent, and finally to permanent form. In accordance with a decrease of valvular heart disease, nonvalvular AF is relatively increasing with advancing age in the industrialized countries. AF tends to occur in the presence of hypertension, diabetes and obesity, individually or in combination. In this article, AF is reviewed in relation to metabolic syndrome and individual component of this syndrome. This attempt will promote better understanding of AF as a cardiac manifestation of metabolic syndrome.show more
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